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Last Week in the Apiary - 4th Week of November 2025

12/8/2025

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A beehive hinged opened on a warmer fall day shows a cluster of bees in the center of the hive between and around the frames.
Bees clustered in the hive on a fall day. Photo by Eric Malcolm, November 25, 2025
Time in the Yard: 0 minutes
Total Colonies: 27
Avg Temp:
44.5°
Total Precipitation
: 0.24”
Notes:

​With the bees fed and treated, our next planned management will be to provide fondant as a back-up food source – just in case.

Actions:
No bee work done this week.
Thanksgiving break.
Observations:
A quick off-site hive check on a warm day revealed a colony in a cluster. 


Reflections:

We hope you had a wonderful Thanksgiving and are grateful for your support!


​Things in bloom:
Alyssum
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Last Week in the Apiary - 3rd Week of November 2025

12/2/2025

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A close up view at the corner of a beehive box with a hole, about the size of a quarter, where the wood has rotted and chipped away.
The worst of the damaged woodenware in the field. The bees used this hole as their primary entrance for the majority of the season. Photo by Eric Malcolm, November 12, 2025. 
Time in the Yard: 0 minutes
Total Colonies: 27
Avg Temp:
45.2°
​Total Precipitation
: 0.48”
Actions:
No bee work done this week.

Observations:
With daytime highs becoming steadily cooler, we decided to hold off on replacing the damaged boxes in our operation until warmer weather to avoid disturbing the clustered colonies.

Reflections:
We are glad that we got the bees fed prior to the weather getting cold but wish we swapped the remaining damaged equipment sooner to provide a more weather tight structure for winter. We will apply duct tape as a temporary solution.

Things in bloom: Japanese Camellia, Sasanqua Camellia

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Last Week in the Apiary - 2nd Week of November 2025

11/17/2025

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A top down view of a top feeder looking down the center slot. Bees are congregated at the bottom of the feeder slot immediately after feeder has been refilled with 2:1 syrup.
Feeding the last round of 2:1 syrup with bees at the bottom of the feeder. Photo by Eric Malcolm, November 13, 2025. 
Time in the Yard: 1 hour 14 minutes
Avg Time per Colony: 3 minutes
Time in Barn: 6 hours
Total Colonies: 27
Avg Temp: 45.8°
Total Precipitation: 0.05”

Note: We did not have time this week to switch out damaged equipment due to time limitations. We will plan to replace equipment in the spring.
Actions:
​Mixed 53 gallons of 2:1 syrup using a 50 gallon drum mixer and large aluminum pot set up. Fed colonies (24) 2 gallons of 2:1 syrup each.
  • Treated colonies (6) with Api-Bioxal (oxalic acid dihydrate), 4 grams per brood box. Vaporization method.

Observations:
Bees are much less active outside of the hive during the cooler days. We only did a second round of OAV treatments on colonies with high mite loads from our final mite checks performed in October.

Reflections:
Feeding does not take nearly as much time as making 2:1 syrup!
​
Things in bloom: Japanese Camellia, Sasanqua Camellia, Common Chrysanthemum
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Last Week in the Apiary - 1st Week of November 2025

11/11/2025

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A beehive being treated with ApiBioxal using a battery powered Oxalic Acid vaporizer, which is hanging off of the front of the hive entrance. The applicator nozzle is inserted into a small hole in a homemade entrance and screened bottom board cover to prevent vapor from escaping during treatment. On top of the hive is a hive tool, second plunger to administer the correct dose of oxalic acid dihydrate, a brick, and a broken entrance reducer.
Treating colonies with a battery powered oxalic acid vaporizer and insert to cover the entrance and openings of the screened bottom board. Photo by Eric Malcolm,  November 5, 2025.
Time in the Yard: 2 hours 22 minutes
Avg Time per Colony: 5.26 minutes
Total Colonies: 27
Avg Temp: 50.6°
Total Precipitation: 0.27”

​Note: To legally apply the new dosage for Api-Bioxal, beekeepers are required to have the product with the new label affixed by the manufacturing facility. 
Actions:
Confirmed colonies were alive and applied Oxalic Acid Vaporization (OAV) treatments. Took records of hive boxes that needed to be replaced prior to winter.
  • Treated colonies (27) with 4g of Api-Bioxal (oxalic acid dihydrate) per brood box. Vaporization method used.

​Observations:
Our newly purchased Api-Bioxal application instructions include updated dosage of 4g per brood chamber. Some colonies had little or no entrance activity while others were very active. All except one colony was of a gentle temperament during treatment.

Reflections:
Weather is slowly getting cooler and we’re planning to get one more round of 2:1 on before switching to feeding fondant.

Things in bloom:
Common Chrysanthemum, Tatarian Aster, Elegant Zinnia, Yellow Cosmos, Common Yarrow, Japanese Camellia, Sasanqua Camellia
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Last Week in the Apiary - 5th Week of October 2025

11/3/2025

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Apiary manager, Eric Malcolm, pouring about 2 gallons of 2:1 syrup from a white 6 gallon bucket into a top feeder on top of a beehive. The beehive is centered in the picture and surrounded by agricultural fields and trees line the background.
Feeding the bees 2:1 syrup using a top feeder. Photo by Eric Malcolm, October 27, 2025.
Time in the Yard: 3 hours 12 minutes
Avg Time per Colony: 8.35 minutes
Time in the Barn: 6 hours 15 minutes
Total Colonies: 27
Avg Temp: 51.4°
Total Precipitation: 1.08”

​Note:
​
Bees fed 2 days earlier in the week were nearly halfway through their 2:1 on the 3rd day! Feed your bees if they’re not HEAVY. 
Actions:
Cleaned up dead out equipment that was stored in the barn, culled frames with wax moth damage and culled broken hive bodies.
  • Treated stored brood frames with B402 Certan and set out to dry, in preparation for winter storage.
Made 45gal of 2:1. Fed 2 gallons of 2:1 syrup each (22). Combined weak colony (1).
​

Observations:
Bees were not very active outside of the hive during the cooler days but had many bees inside. Without use of smoke, bees were quick to (briefly) show signs of alarm. 2 colonies were still heavy with food stores. One colony absconded.

Reflections:
Wax moths have been very active on the equipment stored indoors. Next season, we will plan to freeze, then treat frames with B402 Certan as soon as they come out of the yard, if they can not be used on other hives immediately.

Things in bloom:
Chicory, New England Aster, Panicled Aster, Aromatic Aster, Black-eyed Susan, Gray Goldenrod, Common Chrysanthemum, Tatarian Aster, Elegant Zinnia
A close up of three honey bees on the ventilation hole of the inner cover at the top of their hive showing exposed stingers following the quick removal of the telescoping outer lid.
Bonus picture: Honey bees releasing alarm pheromone upon the removal of a telescoping lid. They calmed down immediately after. Photo by Eric Malcolm, October 27, 2025. 
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October 2025 Varroa and Nosema Results

10/30/2025

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Varroa Diagnostic Results - October 2025

A plot graph showing APHIS 3 year averages compared to the UMD Bee Lab yearly averages.  UMD's October average mite loads are 2.22 mites per hundred bees, compared to the APHIS 3 year average of over 4 mites per hundred bees.
Picture

Nosema Diagnostic Results - October 2025

A plot graph showing the APHIS 3 year average and UMD Bee Lab's average Nosema loads.  UMD Bee Lab's average Nosema load is 0.72 million spores per bee compared to the APHIS 3 year average of less than 0.3 million spores per bee.
Picture
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Last Week in the Apiary - 4th Week of October 2025

10/30/2025

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A building with brown metal siding, large white bay garage door and a small white front door. The UMD Bee Lab
"The Barn" view from the front. Photo by Eric Malcolm
Time in the Barn: 6 hours 30 minutes
Total Colonies: 29
Avg Temp: 55.4°
Total Precipitation: 0.31”

Note:
If colonies feel light when lifted or hefted this time of year, you should feed 2:1 as soon as possible and have candy boards, sugar, or fondant on hand to feed throughout winter. 

Actions:
Cleaned up the barn and reorganized. Purchased 300lbs of sugar to prepare 2:1. Reviewed records regarding colony weight to prepare to feed. Reviewed lab diagnostics reports to prepare to treat colonies above threshold. ​

Observations:
Records show colonies are lighter than anticipated and while most colonies are below Varroa damage threshold, there are still 7 colonies with mite loads between 3 and 9.5 mites per 100 bees (3% - 9.5% mite load), which is above threshold.

Reflections:
Mite pressure has been high and constant in our yards this year. We have lost several colonies during the summer while undergoing a new treatment that did not have the effect we expected and are now working hard to get each colony’s mite loads back to a manageable number.

Things in bloom:
Chicory, New England Aster, Panicled Aster, Aromatic Aster, Black-eyed Susan, Gray Goldenrod, Hairy White Oldfield Aster, Common Chrysanthemum, Tatarian Aster, Elegant Zinnia, Yellow Cosmos
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Last Week in the Apiary - 3rd Week of October 2025

10/28/2025

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Image of two frames from the same colony, placed perpendicular on top of the hive. Each frame is about half covered with bees and has a Queen bee marked with a blue dot. Both were found in the hive on different frames while conducting a health inspection.
Time in the Yard: 7 hours 21 minutes
Avg Time per Colony: 17.6 minutes
Total Colonies: 29
Avg Temp: 59.6°
Total Precipitation: 0.12”
​

Note: We will return to check queen status on colonies noted as "Queen Not Seen".

A colony with two queens in the process of supersedure. Look closely for the Queen marked with a blue dot on each of the frames facing the camera. Photo by Eric Malcolm, October 16, 2025. 
Actions:
Checked queen acceptance in requeened colonies (2), checked banked queen (1), combined weak colony (1), requeened queenless colony (1), inspected and sampled for Varroa, Nosema, and Viral Project (21), sampled colonies for another research project (7). Checked individual colony weight to get ready to feed. 

Observations:
Both new queens were accepted and laying, banked queen was released and killed. Colonies are going through food stores quickly and most will require feeding. Several colonies were noted as Queen Not Seen (QNS) indicating no eggs or queen seen, though the colony was behaving as Queen Right. Queens will often stop laying in the fall as cold weather approaches and nectar becomes scarce. 

Reflections:
Made the mistake of laying a banked queen cage down on its side, above an excluder, but forgot to cover the fondant plug - new queen was found released by workers and deceased. 

​Things in bloom:
Chicory, New England Aster, Groundsel Tree, Panicled Aster, Aromatic Aster, Black-eyed Susan, Gray Goldenrod, Hairy White Oldfield Aster, Common Chrysanthemum, Tatarian Aster, Elegant Zinnia, Yellow Cosmos
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September 2025 Varroa and Nosema Results

10/14/2025

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Varroa Diagnostic Results - September 2025

Picture
Picture

Nosema Diagnostic Results - September 2025

Picture
Picture
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Last Week in the Apiary - 2nd Week of October 2025

10/13/2025

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A row of beehives. The first hive has a top feeder full of syrup, the hive is at a slight incline so the back of the feeder appears less full. Next to the hive are the telescoping lid, inner cover, a bucket half full of syrup, and a lit smoker with a trail of smoke coming from it.
Feeding light colonies 1.5:1 sugar syrup. Photo by Eric Malcolm, October 8, 2025. 
Time in the Yard: 3 hours 21 minutes
Avg Time per Colony: 16.75 minutes
Time in the Barn: 30 minutes
Total Colonies: 30
Avg Temp: 63.6°
Total Precipitation: 0.17”
​

Note:
​
Most of time was spent finding the new queens while requeening the 2 colonies (~1hr each). Feeding colonies took ~8min each.


Actions:
Requeened 2 colonies and fed each 1 gallon of 1:1 syrup. Mixed 20 gallons of 1.5:1 syrup at the barn. Fed 2.5 gallons to 7 light colonies using top feeders. Added entrance reducers to 25 colonies. Put 2-3 Swiffer strips on colonies that had SHB adults.

Observations:
Colonies were very patient while I found and removed the VQ and very newly mated Queen during the requeening process.

Reflections:
It was a beautiful week for being out in the apiary! The weather was partly sunny and cool.

​
Things in bloom:
Chicory, New England Aster, Groundsel Tree, Panicled Aster, Blue-stemmed Goldenrod, White Wood Aster, Aromatic Aster, Black-eyed Susan

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Last Week in the Apiary - 1st Week of October 2025

10/6/2025

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The bottom center section of a brood frame containing a newly emerged Virgin Queen and 6 or more Small Hive Beetle adults walking on unattended comb and in open cells.
A newly emerged Virgin Queen and several Small Hive Beetles (SHB) exploring the brood chamber. Photo by Eric Malcolm, October 2, 2025.
Time in the Yard: 2 hours 30 minutes
Avg Time per Colony: 14 minutes
Time in the Barn: 7 hours
Avg Temp: 
66.6°
Total Precipitation: 0.12"

Note:
Consider applying entrance reducers and feeding, as needed. 
Actions:
Cleaned up equipment from dead outs and old stored equipment. Froze boxes from last week’s visit. Replaced broken equipment, consolidated colonies and combined (1). Sampled colonies for project (6) and checked queen status (12).

Observations:
Three colonies recently superseded their queens. Two will need to be requeened or combined. All others were queen right. Most colonies are going through their food stores and will require feeding next week. 

Reflections:
We were surprised that colonies with abundant food stores at past visits were so light this week.

Things in bloom: 

Chicory, Clustered Mountain Mint, Daisy Fleabane, Bearded Beggarticks, New England Aster, Late Boneset, Groundsel Tree, Panicled Aster, Blue-stemmed Goldenrod, Common Wrinkle-leaved Goldenrod, White Wood Aster

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Last Week in the Apiary - 4th Week of September 2025

10/6/2025

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At the bottom center, a dead newly emerged honey bee remains half emerged from it's cell with it's tongue out. To it's right, a adult worker bee with shriveled wings walks across the frame. Above them, a congregation of worker bees performs their work on the frame and  among them are two more adult workers with deformed wings.
Post treatment colony showing signs of Varroa vectored Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) and an emerging worker that died prior to fully emerging. 
Time in the Yard: 1 hour 5 minutes
Avg Time per Colony: 32.5 minutes
Total Colonies: 
32
Avg Temp: 71.2°
Total
Precipitation: 0.46”

Actions:
Performed 2 full inspections and sampled them for Varroa, Nosema, and Viral monitoring project. Consolidated 1 colony. Placed Swiffer strips (3) on each colony for SHB. 

Observations:
Reviewed last week’s records, some colonies are getting light, need to feed. Reviewed lab diagnostic results, Varroa loads are dropping after Formic application. Will require another treatment, several colonies still above threshold. Lots of SHB seen this week. Some colonies still showing signs of prolonged mite pressure.

Reflections:
​
Weather is starting to cool, and forage is becoming scarcer.

Things in bloom: 

Chicory, Crepe Myrtle, Clustered Mountain Mint, Gray Goldenrod, Tall Goldenrod, Daisy Fleabane, Butterfly Stonecrop, Garlic Chives, Bearded Beggarticks, Calico Aster, New England Aster, Common Ivy, Late Boneset, Groundsel Tree, Panicled Aster

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Last Week in the Apiary - 3rd Week of September 2025

9/26/2025

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The close up look at the top of a pad of Formic Pro sitting on the top of frames in the center of the brood chamber. There are over 24 dead Varroa mites sitting in the center of the pad, surrounded by honey bees.
Deceased Varroa mites on a used Formic Pro strip. Photo by Eric Malcolm, September 18, 2025
Time in the Yard: 5 hours 5 minutes
Avg Time per Colony: 13.25 minutes
Avg Temp: 
70.2°
Total Precipitation: 0"

​

Actions:
Performed full health inspections and sampled 19 colonies for Varroa, Nosema, and Viral monitoring project. Combined 1 colony and consolidated space on another. Removed equipment from dead-outs. Removed formic treatment strips. Applied Swiffer strips, as needed.

Observations:
Lots of dead mites dropped on the used formic strips. 3 weak colonies absconded. Small Hive Beetle presence is increasing across operation. One colony is queenless and requeening. 2 weak colonies showing improvement in capped brood pattern and quantity of brood. 

Reflections:
We are still working to get mites back in check and below 2 mites per 100 bees. 

​Things in bloom:

Chicory, Crepe Myrtle, Clustered Mountain Mint, Japanese Knotweed, Gray Goldenrod, Tall Goldenrod, Daisy Fleabane, Mint, Butterfly Stonecrop, Garlic Chives, Bearded Beggarticks, Calico Aster, New England Aster, Common Ivy, Late Boneset
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Last Week in the Apiary - 2nd Week of September 2025

9/16/2025

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A top down view looking at the 3rd frame from the hive wall, full of capped honey. There is bridge comb with honey at the top of several frames showing that lots of honey has been brought in and stored,
Time in the Yard: 3 hours
Avg Time per Colony:
8.5 minutes
Avg Temp: 66.3°
Total Precipitation: 1.03"

​Note: 
Seeing a lot of capped honey in brood chambers and between top and bottom boxes (see image). Check colonies that might be at risk of becoming honey or pollen bound.
Actions:
Pulled ~80 VarroxSan strips and applied formic treatments to 21 colonies. Placed Swiffer strips on 4 colonies with SHB presence. Removed 1 dead out hive from the yard.

  • Treated 21 colonies for Varroa
  • Formic Pro – 2 Strips

Observations:
Pulling cardboard strips out from between frames can be challenging and requires finesse. One colony was queenless and needs to be combined after treatment. 

Reflections:
Never assume a treatment will be effective; always check mite loads before and after treating. Now is a good time to take inventory of equipment in need of replacing prior to winter weather. 

Things in bloom:

Chicory, Crepe Myrtle, Clustered Mountain Mint, Japanese Knotweed, Gray Goldenrod, Tall Goldenrod, Daisy Fleabane, Mint, Stonecrop, Garlic Chives, Bearded Beggarticks, Calico Aster, New England Aster, Common Ivy, Late Boneset, Black-eyed Susan, Hydrangea

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Last Week in the Apiary - 1st Week of September 2025

9/9/2025

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Picture
Time in the Yard: 3 hour
Avg Time per Colony: 18 minutes
Total Colonies: 36
Time in the Barn: 2 hours 15 minutes

Avg Temp: 70°
Total Precipitation: 0.75"

​

Note: The forecast changed, temps were too high to apply Formic. Will attempt next week.

Barn Actions:
Brought in 38 supers from the field. Stacked and strapped them together for winter storage.

Apiary Actions:
Inspected 10 colonies. Removed equipment from 2 dead outs from the yard. Combined 1 weak colony. Consolidated 2 hives to provide less space.
  • Applied 2-3 Swiffer strips to colonies with Small Hive Beetle presence. 

Observations:
August lab results of Varroa samples showed mite loads in several colonies still well above threshold. Many treated colonies showed visible signs of mite infestation and reduction in strength. More SHB per sighting observed. 

Reflections:
It was a good thing to have rechecked the forecasted high temps prior to applying Formic strips. The forecast changed from earlier in the week to have two days over 85°.
​​

Things in bloom: Chicory, Crepe Myrtle, Black-eyed Susan, Queen Anne's Lace, Clustered Mountain Mint, Japanese Knotweed, Daisy Fleabane, Mint, ​Ironweed,  Partridge Pea, Stonecrop, Basil, Blue Mistflower, New England Aster, Calico Aster, Gray Goldenrod
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